Analysis of the Challenges of International Law Enforcement in the Era of Globalization Against Human Trafficking as a Transnational Organized Crime

Abstract

Human trafficking is one of the most complex forms of transnational organized crime in the era of globalization, characterized by increased cross-border mobility, the use of advanced technology, and the weakening of state jurisdictional boundaries. Although international law has provided various instruments for law enforcement, including conventions and inter-state cooperation mechanisms, their implementation still faces significant challenges, such as differences in national legal systems, limited international coordination, and weak enforcement at the operational level. This study aims to analyze the challenges of international law enforcement in addressing human trafficking as a transnational organized crime in the era of globalization, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of existing international legal mechanisms. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. Data are collected through library research involving international legal instruments, national regulations, academic literature, scholarly journals, and reports from international organizations. The findings indicate a gap between international legal norms and their practical implementation, particularly in terms of inter-state coordination and jurisdictional enforcement. Therefore, strengthening international cooperation, harmonizing national legal systems, and enhancing law enforcement capacity are necessary to effectively combat human trafficking.