Reconstruction of Legal Protection for Victims of Human Trafficking Crimes Based on Law Number 21 of 2007 Based on Human Rights
Abstract
This study aims to analyze and reconstruct a model of legal protection for victims of human trafficking under Law Number 21 of 2007 from a human rights perspective. Although Indonesia has ratified the Palermo Protocol and possesses a relatively complete legal framework, the fulfillment of victims' rights particularly restitution, compensation, and rehabilitation remains minimal and procedurally constrained. A normative juridical method was employed using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, with legal materials analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that legal protection is not yet optimal because the restitution mechanism lacks an enforcement guarantee, the victim's position within the criminal justice system remains marginal, and the normative orientation is still retributive rather than victim-centred. A reconstruction grounded in human rights values is therefore required, namely by strengthening the imperative character of restitution, integrating victim recovery into state responsibility, and harmonizing Law Number 21 of 2007 with Law Number 31 of 2014 and the National Criminal Code.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Journals:
Abdullah, Dudung. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Trafficking Anak dan Perempuan.” Al-Adl: Jurnal Hukum 9, no. 2 (2017): 231–246. https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v9i2.945.
Adudu, Ribka R. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Indonesia.” Lex Crimen 11, no. 3 (2022): 138–149.
Alyafedri, Youfan, dan Ismail Koto. “Kebijakan Hukum terhadap Problematika Pemberian Pemenuhan Hak Restitusi Korban Tindak Pidana yang Diatur KUHAP dan di Luar KUHAP.” UNES Law Review 6, no. 4 (2024): 11643–11653. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2006.
Anastasia, Rina, Hotma Sinaga, dan Erni Amaliah. “Pemberian Restitusi terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang terhadap Pekerja Migran Indonesia.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik 4, no. 3 (2024): 60–72. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v4i3.4271.
Beremanda, Lutfil P. O., Hafrida, dan Elizabeth Siregar. “Prinsip Keadilan Restoratif dalam Penghentian Penuntutan melalui Kompensasi dan Restitusi.” Pampas: Journal of Criminal Law 4, no. 2 (2023): 277–287. https://doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v4i2.26483.
Goklas, Christian, dan Beniharmoni Harefa. “Optimalisasi Peran Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban (LPSK) dalam Membantu Pemberian Restitusi pada Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Anak di Indonesia.” Justitia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Humaniora 8, no. 5 (2021): 892–905. https://doi.org/10.31604/justitia.v8i5.892-905.
Hanim, Lathifah, dan Adi Putra Prakoso. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Kejahatan Perdagangan Orang.” Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 2, no. 2 (2015): 178–189.
Marasabessy, Fauzy. “Restitusi bagi Korban Tindak Pidana: Sebuah Tawaran Mekanisme Baru.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 45, no. 1 (2015): 53–75. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol45.no1.13.
Nugroho, Oki Chandra. “Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 18, no. 4 (2018): 543–556.
Nuraeni, Nani, dan Dewi Kania. “Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam.” Al-‘Adalah 14, no. 1 (2017): 131–152.
Nuraeny, Henny. “Dampak Psikologis Perempuan dari Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” Karimah Tauhid 3, no. 3 (2024): 3660–3668.
Nurfitria, Rizmanda, dan Diana Lukita Sari. “Minimnya Pengajuan Restitusi dalam Putusan Hakim Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 5, no. 1 (2025): 40–52.
Permatasari, Indah, dkk. “Restitusi dan Perlindungan Hak Korban Tindak Pidana: Kebijakan, Tantangan dan Praktiknya di Pengadilan Negeri Kuala Kapuas.” Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 10, no. 2 (2025): 1115–1130.
Pratama, Mochammad I. W. “Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007.” Jurnal Fakta Hukum 2, no. 1 (2023): 12–25.
Sasmita, Diana, Hadi Iskandar, dan Hidayat. “Pemenuhan Hak Restitusi terhadap Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.” Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum Universitas Malikussaleh 7, no. 3 (2024): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.29103/jimfh.v7i3.16987.
Sitania, Lidya V., dan Eko Soponyono. “Akomodasi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang dalam Aspek Hukum Internasional dan Nasional.” Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2020): 38–54. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v2i1.38-54.
Sulistiani, Lies. “Problematika Hak Restitusi Korban pada Tindak Pidana yang Diatur KUHP dan di Luar KUHP.” Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 7, no. 1 (2022): 80–95.
Susanti, Hardianto, Syafrinaldi, dan Wira A. Hajri. “Perbandingan Aturan Hukum tentang Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Indonesia dan Malaysia.” Jurnal Kodifikasi 4, no. 1 (2022): 88–100.
Takariawan, Agus, dan Sherly Ayuna Putri. “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Human Trafficking dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia.” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 25, no. 2 (2018): 237–255. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol25.iss2.art2.
Utami, Pratiwi Nurhabni. “Penanganan Kasus Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.” Jurnal HAM 10, no. 1 (2019): 21–38. https://doi.org/10.30641/ham.2019.10.21-38.
Wahyuningsih, Sri Endah. “Prinsip-Prinsip Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Nasional Berbasis Nilai Keadilan.” Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 1, no. 1 (2014): 1–14.
Wulandari, Cahya. “Dinamika Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia.” Jurisprudence 10, no. 2 (2020): 143–158. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v10i2.12233.
Books:
Farhana. Aspek Hukum Perdagangan Orang di Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2010.
Friedman, Lawrence M. The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1975.
Mansyur, Dikdik M. Arief, dan Elisatris Gultom. Urgensi Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan antara Norma dan Realita. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2007.
Nuraeny, Henny. Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2011.
Rahardjo, Satjipto. Ilmu Hukum. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2014.
Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Edisi revisi. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Regulation:
The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights.
Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Human Trafficking.
Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims.
Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code.
Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2022 concerning Procedures for Submitting and Granting Restitution and Compensation to Victims of Crime.
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol), 2000.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 1979.
Other Sources:
Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. “LPSK Terima Permohonan TPPO 1.297, Diperlukan Sinergitas.” 30 July 2024. https://www.lpsk.go.id/berita/clz9jvzpo000xhj5qfyxgzvd9.
Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. “LPSK Serahkan Restitusi 24 Korban TPPO Kasus Penjualan Ginjal.” 29 May 2024 https://www.lpsk.go.id/detail/clwuikw880003jpuv09ss9wdt.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/icls.v6i1.53981
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE LAW DEVELOPMENT FOR PUBLIC WELFARE (PICLDPW) has been indexed by National Acreditation and NELITI
Editorial Office: RUMAH JURNAL FH UNISSULA: 2nd Floor Imam As Syafei Building Faculty of Law Universitas Islam Sultan Agung. Jln. Kaligawe KM. 4, Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. Phone +62 24 6583584 Fax +62 24 6582455
Email: rumahjurnalfh@unissula.ac.id
PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE LAW DEVELOPMENT FOR PUBLIC WELFARE (PICLDPW) (ISSN : 2798-9313), This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).