Penyuluhan Penyakit Parkinson dan Skrining Frailty pada Penderita Parkinson di RSI Sultan Agung Semarang

Abstract

Penyakit Parkinson merupakan kondisi neurodegeneratif yang progresif dan sering ditemukan pada populasi usia lanjut. Penyakit ini disertai dengan gejala motorik dan non-motorik yang dapat meningkatkan kerentanan pasien terhadap keadaan frailty. Frailty sendiri merupakan sindrom geriatrik yang ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi fisiologis secara umum, yang berpotensi meningkatkan risiko komplikasi seperti jatuh, disabilitas, dan mortalitas. Hubungan antara penyakit Parkinson dan frailty belum sepenuhnya dieksplorasi, terutama di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman pasien dan keluarganya mengenai penyakit Parkinson, serta melakukan skrining tingkat frailty melalui penggunaan kuesioner RAPUH. Kegiatan dilakukan di RSI Sultan Agung Semarang, meliputi penyuluhan, pengukuran pengetahuan melalui pretest dan posttest, penilaian stadium Parkinson berdasarkan metode Hoehn dan Yahr, serta penilaian frailty pada 59 pasien rawat jalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas peserta berusia antara 61 hingga 80 tahun, dengan dominasi jenis kelamin laki-laki. Selain itu, lebih dari 49,15% peserta berada dalam kondisi pre-frailty, sementara 40,68% masuk kategori frailty. Terjadi peningkatan yang bermakna pada skor pengetahuan pasien setelah diberikan penyuluhan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya melakukan skrining frailty secara dini pada pasien Parkinson, mengingat korelasi yang erat antara tingkat keparahan gejala dan derajat frailty yang dialami pasien. Integrasi penilaian frailty dalam manajemen klinik Parkinson, serta edukasi berkelanjutan kepada pasien dan keluarga, diharapkan dapat memperlambat progresi penyakit, meningkatkan kualitas hidup, dan mengurangi beban perawatan jangka panjang.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition commonly found in the elderly population. It is accompanied by motor and non-motor symptoms that increase patients' vulnerability to frailty. Frailty itself is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a general decline in physiological function, potentially increasing the risk of complications such as falls, disability, and mortality. The relationship between Parkinson’s disease and frailty has not been fully explored, especially in Indonesia. This study aimed to enhance patients’ and their families’ understanding of Parkinson’s disease and to conduct frailty screening using the frailty questionnaire. The activities were carried out at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang and included educational sessions, assessment of knowledge through pre- and post-tests, staging of Parkinson’s disease using the Hoehn and Yahr method, and frailty assessment among 59 outpatient participants. The results showed that the majority of participants were aged between 61 and 80 years, with a predominance of male patients. Additionally, more than 49.15% of participants were classified as pre-frail, while 40.68% were categorized as frail. A significant improvement in patients’ knowledge scores was observed after the educational intervention. These findings highlight the importance of early frailty screening in Parkinson’s patients, considering the strong correlation between symptom severity and the degree of frailty experienced. Integrating frailty assessment into the clinical management of Parkinson’s disease, along with continuous education for patients and their families, is expected to slow disease progression, improve quality of life, and reduce the long-term burden of care.