Legal Consequences of Notarial Malpractice and Liability under Indonesian Law: A Comparative Study with European Notarial Standards

Penulis

  • Syntia Nur Anisa Universitas Pasundan
  • Irma Rachmawati Maruf Universitas Pasundan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30659/pm3hr309

Kata Kunci:

Comparative Law, European Notarial Standards, Notarial Deontology, Notarial Liability, Notary Malpractice

Abstrak

Notarial malpractice raises concerns regarding legal certainty, proportionality of sanctions, and effective protection for parties affected by notarial misconduct. Indonesian positive law does not provide a normative definition of notary malpractice or classify violations according to their severity, resulting in broad discretion in the application of sanctions. This study aims to examine the construction of notary liability and the legal consequences of notarial malpractice under Indonesian law through comparison with Continental European notarial standards. A normative juridical method with a functional comparative legal approach is employed, focusing on the 2013 Deontology and Rules of Organization for Notariats of the Union Internationale du Notariat (UINL), supplemented by selected positive-law practices in Germany and France. The findings reveal that UINL standards establish thirty-nine deontological violations across three levels of severity and provide more proportionate sanctions and liability guarantees than the Indonesian framework. Indonesian law also lacks mandatory professional liability coverage and does not expressly regulate certain duties, including legal advice to vulnerable parties and verification of rights. The study contributes six reform proposals addressing severity classification, sanction limits, monetary fines, professional insurance, verification duties, and revision of Article 84 of the Law on the Office of Notary.

Referensi

International Union of Notaries, Deontology and Rules of Organization for Notariats, teks yang diadopsi oleh General Meeting of Member Notariats di Lima, 8 Oktober 2013.

International Union of Notaries, Fundamental Principles of the Latin-type Notarial System, Roma, 8 November 2005.

International Union of Notaries, Principles of Notarial Deontology, Mexico City, 17 Oktober 2004.

Council of the Notariats of the European Union, informasi kelembagaan dan keanggotaan, notariesofeurope.eu.

Bundesnotarordnung, Republik Federal Jerman, khususnya ketentuan mengenai tanggung jawab jabatan dan asuransi tanggung jawab profesi notaris.

Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris sebagaimana diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014.

Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, khususnya Pasal 1320, Pasal 1365, Pasal 1366, Pasal 1367, dan Pasal 1870.

Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, khususnya Pasal 263, Pasal 264, dan Pasal 266.

Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Majelis Pengawas Notaris.

Kode Etik Notaris Ikatan Notaris Indonesia.

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2026-09-20

Terbitan

Vol 9 No 3 (2026): September 2026

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