Defamation on Social Media: A Review of Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code

Atika Sunarto, Ahmad Taris Arrofi, Muhammad Ali Adnan

Abstract


The development of social media as a digital public space brings both benefits and legal risks, particularly concerning defamation. Under Indonesian civil law, such acts can be classified as unlawful acts based on Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code, which obliges the perpetrator to compensate for damages. This study aims to analyze legal policies regarding defamation on social media and the implementation of Article 1365 of the Civil Code in practice. The method used is normative juridical, examining legislation, legal doctrines, and judicial practice. The results indicate that Article 1365 plays a crucial role in providing legal protection, both for material and immaterial losses. However, its application faces challenges, including evidence collection, identification of anonymous perpetrators, and the limited capacity of law enforcement authorities. Strengthening digital literacy and supporting cyber-legal infrastructure are necessary to ensure the effectiveness of legal protection for victims.


Keywords


Civil Liability; Digital Literacy; Defamation; Social Media; Unlawful Acts.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Journals:

Agustina, Y., Zulkifli, S., Pakpahan, M., Sunarto, A., Adnan, M., & Setyawan, I. (2023). Y Agustina, S Zulkifli, ME Pakpahan, A Sunarto, MA Adnan, I Setyawan, PKM Maju UDA, 4(2), 36-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.46930/pkmmajuuda.v4i2.3687.

Al Zahsy, V. (2025). Tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik di media sosial: Antara kebebasan berekspresi dan batasan hukum ITE. Jurnal Legalitas, 3(2), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.58819/jle.v3i2.172.

Aldyan, A., Rustamaji, M., & Septiningsih, I. (2022). Aspek Keperdataan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum pada Perkara Pencemaran Nama Baik Dalam era Perkembangan Teknologi dan Informasi Guna Reformulasi Penegakan Hukum. Jurnal Global Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, 11(2), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.33061/jgz.v11i2.6743.

Ali, M. (2010). Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Sarana Informasi dan Transaksi. Elektronik. Jurnal Konstitusi, 7(6), https://jurnalkonstitusi.mkri.id/index.php/jk/article/download/765/251/499.

Asis, A. (2024). Legal Protection for Defamation Suspects Who Spread Facts on Social Media Reviewed from the ITE Law. The Journal of Sucio-LEgal and Islamic Law, 3(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.30651/jssl.v3i1.23904.

Cevitra, M., & Djajaputra, G. (2023). Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (Onrechtmatige Daad) Menurut Pasal 1365 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Dan Perkembangannya. UNES Law Review, 6(1), 2722-2731. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i.1/1074.

Dewi, N. (2022). Penyelesaian Sengketa Non Litigasi Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Perdata. Jurnal Analisis Hukum, 5(1), https://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jah.v1i1.

Juita, S. (2024). Ketidak Hati-Hatian Penggunaan Media Sosial Yang Menyebabkan Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik. Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary, 2(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.61292/eljbn.103.

Lumban Toruan, J., & Sidauruk, J. (2024). Analisis Hak Serta Rehabilitasi Nama Baik Korban Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial. Terang: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Hukum, 1(4), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.62383/.

Mohamad, H. (2025). Analisis Aspek Pembuktian Dalam Kasus Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Pasca Kuhp Baru. Ganec Swara, 19(1), 127-133. https://doi.org/10.59896/gara.v19i1.191.

Muldani, T. (2022). Implikasi Awal Penerbitan SKB UU ITE Pasal 27 Ayat (3). MUKASI: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 1(2), https://doi.org/10.54259/mukasi.v1i2.857.

Ponno, J. (2023). Penerapan Digital Forensik dalam Pembuktian Pencemaran Nama Baik di Dunia Maya. Jurnal Fakultas HukumUniversitas Sam Ratulangi Lex Administratum, XIII(1)., 13(1), https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/administratum/article/view/52785/449.

Ramadhan, A. (2015). Pencemaran Nama Baik Dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2009 Tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Jurnal IUS: Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 3(9), 601-619.

Rauf, D., Ahmad, & Moha, M. (2025). Ekuivalensi Kebebasan Berekspresi dan Perlindungan Nama Baik Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 3(2), 601–21. https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i2.1104.

Rochman, S. (2021). Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial: Perbandingan Hukum Pidana Positif Dan Islam. Diktum: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum, 19(1), 32-42. https://ejurnal.iainpare.ac.id/index.php/diktum/article/download/2080/886.

Rumani, E. (2015). “Tinjauan Yuridis Tentang Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik di Dunia Maya, Lex Crimen, 4(2), 117-130. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexcrimen/article/view/7792.

Sunarto, A., Adnan, M., Karo Karo, C., & Khair, A. (2023). Implementasi Hukum Terhadap Merek Sebagai Konsep Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Jurnal Preferensi Hukum, 4(3), 389–395. https://ejurnal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/jup.

Sunarto, A., Ompussunggu, K., & Adnan, M. (2025). Implementation of the Use of Trademark Rights in the Development of UMKM in Medan City. Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities, 5(3), 1504–1510. https://doi.org/10.38035/jlph.v5i3.1187.

Tazmi, N. (2025). Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Kebebasan Berpendapat Dan Berekspresi di Media Sosial. Justices: Journal of Law, 4(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.58355/justices.v4i1.141.

Zakiya, Z., Cannavaro, F., Pangestu, S., Ilham, L., & Syamsiah, S. (2025). Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Sains Ekonomi Dan Edukasi, 22(12), 2737-2743. https://doi.org/10.62335/aksioma.v2i12.2119.

Books:

Adji, O. (1990). Perkembangan Delik Pers di Indonesia. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Ali, Z. (2019). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

Dikdik, M., & Gultom, E. (2015). Cyber Law Aspek Hukum Teknologi Informasi. Jakarta: Refika Aditama.

Indrati, M. (2007). Ilmu Perundang-Undangan: Jenis, Fungsi dan Materi Muatan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Mertokusumo, S. (2019). Hukum Acara Perdata Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Liberty.

Nasrullah. (2012). Cyber Law: Konsep Hukum di Dunia Maya. Bandung: Refika Aditama

Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Internet:

Oktavira, B. (2025). Hukum Pencemaran Nama Baik di Media Sosial. Diakses https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/hukum-pencemaran-nama-baik-di-media-sosial-lt520aa5d4cedab/, Diakses pada tanggal 16 Juli 2025, Pukul 13.43 Wib.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v9i1.51640

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


View My Stats

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Jurnal Daulat Hukum has been indexed in:

sinta google_scholar moraref garuda neliti Dimension Base