Protection of Musical Work Copyright on Digital Platforms: A Comparative Study of Indonesian and United States Law

Citra Bintang Maranatha Manurung, Ridha Wahyuni

Abstract


The development of digital technology has changed the way people produce, distribute, and use musical works. However, this progress has also increased the potential for copyright infringement, especially on User-Generated Content (UGC) platforms such as YouTube, TikTok, and Instagram. In this context, Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright protects the moral and economic rights of creators, but it lacks the technical rules required to address violations in the digital environment. The absence of a notice-and-takedown mechanism, safe harbor provisions, and an obligation to use automated detection technology indicates that Indonesia’s legal framework remains inadequate to address large-scale infringements. In contrast, the United States, through the DMCA 1998, provides detailed regulation of notice-and-takedown procedures, safe harbor requirements, and platform obligations in dealing with repeat infringers. Through a normative, juridical, and comparative legal approach, this study analyzed differences between the Indonesian and U.S. systems and identified gaps that weakened copyright enforcement in Indonesia. The findings show that Indonesia requires more specific technical regulations to support adequate protection on digital platforms. Therefore, this research proposes an ideal protection model comprising four integrated components: clear, binding technical regulations, automated detection technology, a centralized copyright database, and a fair monetization mechanism. The integration of these elements is expected to strengthen copyright enforcement, enhance legal certainty, and support a more accountable and sustainable digital ecosystem.


Keywords


Copyright; Digital; Music; Platform.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Journals:

Agustina, S., Bonde, E., Salsabila, D. L., Deborah, S. M., & Wahyuni, R. (2024). Perlindungan Hak Cipta Karya Musik di Dalam Digital Service Platform Berbasis User Generated Conten Berdasarkan Undang- Undang Hak Cipta. 8(2), 427–440.

Amelia, L., Ginalita, R. E., Putri, D., Hukum, F. I., & Sukabumi, U. M. (2025). DALAM MELINDUNGI HAK CIPTA E-BOOK INTEGRASI : Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan. 3(2), 99–108.

Asril, F. A., Ratna Permata, R., & Ramli, T. S. (2021). Perlindungan Hak Cipta pada Platform Digital Kreatif YouTube. 10(2), 146–162. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.

Early, M. (2025). Hubungan Hukum antara Pencipta Musik sebagai Pemegang Hak Cipta dengan Platform Layanan Digital Berbasis User Generated Content (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 84/PUUXXI/ 2023). 5(2).

Hermila, A., Ashari, S. A., Bau, R. T. R. L., & Suhada, S. (2023). EKSPLORASI INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN SOSIAL MEDIA ( STUDI DESKRIPTIF PADA MAHASISWA TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UNG ) Abstrak. 3(2).

Karya, P., Lagu, C., Atau, D. A. N., Yang, M., Ulang, D., Song, C., Jejaring, D. I., Sosial, M., Dengan, D., Ekonomi, H. A. K., Nomor, B. U., Tentang, T., & Cipta, H. A. K. (2018). Perlindungan karya cipta lagu dan/atau musik yang dinyanyikan ulang. 1.

Kristopansen, Widiarty, W. S., & Nainggolan, B. (2025). Pengaruh Teknologi dalam Perkembangan Hak Cipta. 5(4), 903–924. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsostech.v5i4.32066

Lobato, R. (2025). Automated content recognition ( ACR ), smart TVs , and ad-tech infrastructure. 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565251327885

Najla, S., Zahra, A., & Fauziyyah, L. (2024). Perlindungan Hak Cipta Terhadap Pencipta Lagu yang Diunggah Ulang Melalui Aplikasi Tiktok. 2(3), 130–137.

Ramadhanty, S., Amatullah, N., Setyadani, N. A., & Ramli, T. S. (2020). Doktrin Safe Harbor: Upaya Perlindungan Hak Cipta Konten Dalam Platform User Generated Content. 2(1), 267–274. https://doi.org/10.33087/legalitas.v12i2.226

Sihite, S., Aritonang, A., Pasaribu, E., Siburian, P., Manurung, M., & Siahaan, P. (2025). Perlindungan Hak Cipta Film Dalam Pengelolaan Platform Digital Berbasis Teknologi User Generated Content ( UGC ). 2(1), 638–647.

Soemarsono, L., & Dirkareshza, R. (2021). Di Media Sosial The Urgence Of Copyright Law Enforcement On Content Makers In Using Song On Social Media. 4(2), 615–630.

Takasana, V., Lombok, L. L., & Tuwaidan, A. N. (2024). Tinjauan Hukum Terhadap Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Karya Digital Content Creator Di Indonesia Legal Review of Copyright Infringement of Digital Content Creators In Indonesia.

Wahyuni, W. (2025). Kemenkum Reformasi Royalti Musik, Perkuat LMK/LMKN Lawan Ketimpangan Platform Digital./. Hukumonline.Com. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/kemenkum-reformasi-royalti-musik--perkuat-lmk-lmkn-lawan-ketimpangan-platform-digital-lt6904b80350b67/

Yulianti, Y., Guntara, D., & Abas, M. (2025). Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual di Era Digital Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta. 9(2), 341–350.

Books:

Amirudin, & Asikin, Z. (2008). Pengantar Metode Penelitian Hukum. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Marzuki, P. (2017). Penelitian Hukum. Kencana.

Muchti, F., & Achmad, Y. (2009). Dualisme Penelitian Hukum Normatif dan Empiris. Pustaka Pelajar.

Internet:

bergantinos, gusvanto, & Ternero, J. (2025). Revenue Sharing at Music Streaming Platforms. Management Science, 71(10). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03830

DomaiNesia. (2024). Manfaatkan DMCA untuk Lindungi Konten Digitalmu. https://www.domainesia.com/berita/dmca/

Heriani, F. (2021). Pentingnya Memahami Term and Condition Saat Menggunakan Platform Digital. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/pentingnya-memahami-term-and-condition-saat-menggunakan-platform-digital-lt617c098519863/

Heriani, F. N. (2022). Jangan Sembarang Cover Lagu, Pahami Dulu Aturan Mainnya. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/jangan-sembarang-cover-lagu--pahami-dulu-aturan-mainnya-lt627f6e66e1aba/

Ningrum. (2022). Apa Itu DMCA? Bagaimana Cara Daftar dan Menggunakannya. https://www.exabytes.co.id/blog/apa-itu-dmca-adalah/

Sanjeev. (n.d.). Indonesia Music Streaming Market Outlook to 2030. https://www.kenresearch.com/industry-reports/indonesia-music-streaming-market

Regulation:

section 512 of title 17, U.S. Copyright Office. https://www.copyright.gov/policy/section512/section-512-full-report.pdf

THE DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1998.

Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/38690




DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v8i4.49088

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


View My Stats

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Daulat Hukum has been indexed in:

sinta google_scholar moraref garuda neliti Dimension Base