Farmers’ Legal Consciousness and Sharecropping Contract Practices in the Digital Era: A Comparative Socio-Legal Study in South Kalimantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26532/jph.v13i2.53061Kata Kunci:
Contract Law, Contractual Practices, Digital Literacy, Legal Consciousness, Sharecropping Agreements.Abstrak
Sharecropping in this digital era is still carried out by Indonesian farmers, including South Kalimantan. This study aimed to determine the extent to which digital literacy, urbanization, and religious authority influence farmers’ understanding of legal responsibilities, dispute prevention, and documentation. In this study, we used a qualitative socio-legal approach by interviewing 10 farmers and landowners in both Banjarmasin (the city) and Hulu Sungai (the rural area). Field interviews were conducted in urban-periurban Banjarmasin and rural Hulu Sungai with farmers, landowners, village officials, and religious leaders. The results show that digital literacy is gradually transforming traditional verbal agreements into written contracts. The findings indicate that rural communities still predominantly rely on oral agreements based on strong trust and social cohesion, whereas urban farmers demonstrate a greater preference for written agreements. The results further show that digital exposure has increased legal awareness, particularly among younger and more educated farmers, although religious legitimacy continues to influence contractual behavior. Agrarian agreements are evolving gradually and in layers due to cultural continuity, moral authority, and emerging digital competencies. Understanding these dynamics is crucial when developing context-sensitive policy plans. These strategies can enhance legal empowerment without disrupting local beliefs and socio-religious principles.Referensi
Afandi, Fachrizal. “Penelitian Hukum Interdisipliner Reza Banakar: Urgensi Dan Desain Penelitian Sosio-Legal”. Undang: Jurnal Hukum 5, no. 1 (2022): 231–55.
Agus, Cahyono, Sri Ratna Saktimulya, Priyo Dwiarso, Bambang Widodo, Siti Rochmiyati, and Mulyanto Darmowiyono. "Revitalization of local traditional culture for sustainable development of national character building in Indonesia." In Innovations and traditions for sustainable development, pp. 347-369. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021.
Agustian, Kresnawidiansyah, Djawahir Hejazziey, Agustian Zen, Ratih Ayu Sekarini, and Wiwin Wiwin. “Comparative Analysis of Ethical and Legal Principles in the Islamic Business Management Model”. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN) 1, no. 2 (2023): 101–7.
Amelia, Syinta. “Progressive Legal Approach to Modern Community Law Enforcement in Indonesia”. Pancasila and Law Review 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–12.
Angin, Gracious Kesuma Prinstama Perangin, Nurlaily, and Triana Dewi Seroja. “Justice Modernization In The Digital Divide Of Indonesian Society: A Challenge”. Awang Long Law Review 6, no. 1 (2023): 206–15.
Arif, Hermita, Asharin Juwita Purisamya, and Mohammad Mahbubi Ali. “Islamic sharecropping practices: Evidence from indonesian local communities”. Riset: jurnal Aplikasi Ekonomi Akuntansi Dan Bisnis 7, no. 1 (2025): 045–060.
Bakung, Dolot Alhasni, Zamroni Abdussamad, and Mohamad Hidayat Muhtar. “The Principle of Freedom of Contract in Agricultural Product Sharing Based on Islamic Law”. Jambura Law Review 4, no. 2 (2022): 344–58.
Baranov, Pavel P., Alexey Y. Mamychev, Olga I. Miroshnichenko, and Roman I. Dremliuga. “Legal Consciousness And Legal Culture In The Era Of Total Digitalization:: Theoretical-Methodological And Legal-Technical Problems”. Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade 2, no. 01 (2021).
Charly, Ade Mai, Kurnia Warman, and Zefrizal Nurdin. “Profit Sharing Agreement of Agriculture Land Using Pusako Land in Nagari Durian River Padang Pariaman District”. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 5 (2019): 212–18.
Djawas, Mursyid, Abidin Nurdin, Muslim Zainuddin, Idham Idham, and Zahratul Idami. “Harmonization of State, Custom, and Islamic Law in Aceh: Perspective of Legal Pluralism”. Hasanuddin Law Review, 1 May 2024, 64–82.
Doloi, Hemanta Kumar. “Digital Inclusion for Rural Growth: Internet Usage and Smart Villages Development”. Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 35, no. 1 (2025): 40–57.
Faisal, Ahmad. “The Intersection of Islamic Law and Nationhood in Contemporary Indonesia”. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2023): 141–47.
Falahy, Lutfi El, Giyarsi Giyarsi, and Budi Birahmat. “Customary Land Rights in Positive Law (Agrarian Law) and Islamic Law in Indonesia”. Jurnal Kawakib 5, no. 02 (2024): 106–13.
Hermawan, F. "Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Bagi Hasil Tanah Pertanian: Studi di Desa Waung Kecamatan Baron Kabupaten Nganjuk." Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Mizan 1, no. 2 (2012): 91-99.
Kurosaki, Takashi, Saumik Paul, and Firman Witoelar. “In Pursuit of Power Land Tenancy Contracts and Local Political Business Cycles in Indonesia”. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 227 (2024): 106764.
Kusmayanti, Hazar, Dede Kania, Indra Riswadinata, and Hyung-Jun Kim. “Contestation of Islamic Law on Traditional Sharecropping in Rural West Java, Indonesia”. Al-Ahkam 35, no. 1 (2025): 179–204.
Mahabbati, Suci, Hardinal Hardinal, and Muhammad Aunurrochim. "Islamic Law Institutionalization In Indonesia: An Analysis Of Busthanul Arifins Contributions." Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 27, no. 2 (2025): 350-377.
Manse, Maarten. “The Plural Legacies of Legal Pluralism: Local Practices and Contestations of Customary Law in Late Colonial Indonesia”. Legal Pluralism and Critical Social Analysis 56, no. 3 (2024): 328–48.
Multazam, Mochammad Tanzil, and Aan Eko Widiarto. “Digitalization of the Legal System: Opportunities and Challenges for Indonesia: Digitalisasi Pada Sistem Hukum: Peluang Dan Tantangan Bagi Indonesia”. Rechtsidee 11, no. 2 (2023): 91-131.
Mulyono, Mulyono, Fokky Fuad, and Aris Machmud. "Profit-Sharing Agreements on Agricultural Land: the Study of Socio Legal: Perjanjian Bagi Hasil di Lahan Pertanian: Studi Sosio-Legal." Dame Journal of Law 2, no. 1 (2026): 29-39.
Oloan, Nur, Sarmadan Pohan, and Ridwan Rangkuti. "Legal Review of the Implementation of Agricultural Land Sharecropping Agreements in Pijorkoling Village, Dolok District, North Padang Lawas Regency." Pranata Hukum 20, no. 1 (2025): 13-25.
Pradanna, Satrio Alpen, Hendri Irawan, Nur Fajriani S, and Prayoga Bestari. “KADARKUM: The Legal Awareness Program for Enhancing Citizen Engagement in Supporting Rural Development”. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship 5, no. 2 (2024): 145–57.
Serah, Yenny Aman, Gautam Kumar Jha, Purwanto, Resmaya Agnesia Mutiara Sirait, and Agustinus Astono. “Raising Public Legal Awareness in the Digital Age: Global Practices and Indonesia”s Path Forward”. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 6, no. 1 (2025): 209–38.
Sheila, A’AK, and FZ Fahmi. “Digital Inclusion in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Two Indonesian Villages”. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1318, no. 1 (2024): 012012.
Sidik, Fajar, and Muchtar Habibi. “A Prize for the Village Ruling Class: “Village Funds” and Class Dynamics in Rural Indonesia”. Journal of Contemporary Asia 54, no. 3 (2024): 387–411.
Simanullang, Yuda Sanrico, Jessica Amelia Butar Butar, Meiriati Simanjuntak, Delima br Pakpahan, Salomo Martines Hutasoit, and Ika Purnamasari. “Dinamika Perubahan Sosial Dalam Masyarakat Agraris”. Jurnal Intelek Insan Cendikia 1, no. 8 (2024): 4108–17.
Suhani, Muhammad, Kurnia Warman, and Ferdi Ferdi. "Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Bagi Hasil Tanah Pertanian Padi Di Kecamatan Rangsang Barat Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti." UNES Law Review 5, no. 3 (2023): 908-921.
Syahril, Syahril, Zulkarnain Hasibuan, Ahmad Husein, and Sarmadan Pohan. “Legal Review of the Implementation of Agricultural Land Sharecropping Agreements in Pijorkoling Village, Dolok District, North Padang Lawas Regency”. Pranata Hukum 20, no. 2 (2025): 195–202.
Syamsi, Achmad Badarus, and Galuh Widitya Qomaro. “Perlindungan Hukum Perjanjian Bagi Hasil Petani Garam Di Kabupaten Pamekasan Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Perdata”. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam 14, no. 1 (2020): 35–50.
Tarring, Anisah Daeng, and Kairuddin Karim. “Civil Evidence Using Electronic Documents in Indonesia”. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 9, no. 11 (2022): 250–56.
Wangi, Ni Komang Putri Sari Sunari, Komang Febrinayanti Dantes, and Ketut Sudiatmaka. "Analisis yuridis hak ulayat terhadap kepemilikan tanah adat berdasarkan Undang-Undang nomor 5 tahun 1960 tentang peraturan dasar pokok-pokok agraria." Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sui Generis 3, no. 3 (2023): 112-121.
White, Ben, and Marcus Taylor. “Labour and Land in Indonesia: An Introduction”. Journal of Agrarian Change 25, no. 4 (2025): e70034.
Yudha, I. Made Endra Kartika, Made Kembar Sri Budhi, Made Suyana Utama, Ida Bagus Putu Purbadharmaja, I. Gusti Wayan Murjana Yasa, and Ni Nyoman Reni Suasih. “Existence and Sustainability of Sharecropping Contract in Bali Province, Indonesia”. Academy of Strategic Management Journal 21, no. 2 (2022): 1–159.
Zenin, Sergey, Arkadiy Kornev, Sergey Lipen, Denis Shepelev, and Oleg Tanimov. “Transformation of law and legal activity in the context of the development of digital technologies”. Lex Humana (ISSN 2175-0947) 15, no. 1 (2023): 277–90.
Lukito, Ratno. Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable. London: Routledge, 2012.
Zuhaylî, Wahbah al-. Al-Fiqh Al-Islam Wa Adillatuh. Edited by Abdul Hayyie al-Kattani. Yogyakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2011.
“H. Rahman” (pseudonym), landowner, interview by author, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, July 12, 2025.
“Saifullah” (pseudonym), sharecropper, interview by author, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, July 12, 2025.
“H. Abdullah” (pseudonym), farmer, interview by author, Hulu Sungai Utara, South Kalimantan, July 18, 2025.
“Hasan” (pseudonym), farmer, interview by author, Hulu Sungai Tengah, South Kalimantan, July 18, 2025.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
