Optimization of Judicial Supervision in Indonesia: Challenges and Solutions in Maintaining Judicial Independence and Integrity

Adies Kadir, Gunarto Gunarto, Suwarno Suwarno

Abstract


Supervision of judges in Indonesia is a crucial element to maintain the integrity, independence, and professionalism of the judicial system. This study anayzes the effectiveness of the judicial oversight mechanism through an internal approach by the Supreme Court, external by the Judicial Commission, and the role of the community through a code of ethics. With a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, this study uses secondary data from legal documents, such as the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 48 of 2009, and the Joint Regulation of the MA-KY 2012, as well as interviews with judges and academics. The results of the study indicate that the MA's internal supervision is constrained by a large workload, while the KY's supervision is limited due to the Constitutional Court Decision Number 005/PUU-IV/2006, which excludes MK judges and supreme court justices, triggering the risk of judicial corruption and a crisis of public trust. Public supervision through a code of ethics is effective but requires further education. The main challenges include overlapping authority between the MA and KY and the lack of supervisory integrity. This study recommends better coordination, strengthening the authority of the KY, and increasing the role of the community to ensure justice and judicial independence.

Keywords


Judicial Supervision; Supreme Court; Judicial Commission; Code of Ethics; Judicial Independence

Full Text:

PDF

References


Book:

Asrun, Muhammad. Krisis Peradilan: Mahkamah Agung di Bawah Soeharto. Jakarta, ELSAM, 2004.

Kossay, Methodius. Dinamika Penghubung Komisi Yudisial Dalam Pengawasan Hakim Di Indonesia. Semarang, Penerbit Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik, 2024.

Lenning, Oscar T., Denise M. Hill, Kevin P. Saunders, Andria Stokes, and Alisha Solan. Powerful learning communities: A guide to developing student, faculty, and professional learning communities to improve student success and organizational effectiveness. London, Routledge, 2023.

Makmur, H. 2015. Efektivitas Kebijakan Kelembagaan Pengawasan. 2nd ed. Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama.

Suadi, Amran. Manajemen Pengawasan Badan Peradilan di Indonesia. Jakarta, Rejeki Agung, 2011.

Seminar:

Lotulung, Paulus E. "Kebebasan Hakim dalam Sistem Penegakan Hukum." In Makalah disampaikan pada Seminar Pembangunan Hukum Nasional VIII, Tema “Penegakan Hukum dalam Era Pembangunan Berkelanjutan”, Diselenggarakan oleh Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Departemen Kehakiman Dan Hak Asasi Manusia RI, Denpasar, pp. 14-18. 2003.

Website:

Isra, Saldi. "Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No 005/PUU-IV/2006 (Isi, Implikasi, dan Masa Depan Komisi Yudisial). Saldi Isra. Accessed May 31, 2025. melalui https://www. saldiisra. web. id/index. php/bukujurnal/jurnal/19-jurnalnasional/422-putusan-mahkamah-konstitusi-no-005puu-iv2006-isi-implikasi-dan-masa-depan-komisi-yudisial.

Journal:

Abdi, Zamroni Faizal, and Chintya Khaerunnisa. "Revitalization of Supervision of the Judicial Commission as Strengthening Judicial Institutions in Maintaining the Independence and Integrity of Judges." JUSTICES: Journal of Law 3, no. 3 (2024): 184-196.

Aiman, Rahmat. "Hukum dan korupsi: Tantangan dan solusi dalam pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia." Peradaban Journal of Law and Society 3, no. 1 (2024): 16-30.

Antikowati, A., and Mardi Handono. "Reinforcement of Judicial Supervision Function by Judicial Commission and Supreme Court as a Form of Shared Responsibility System." Sociological Jurisprudence Journal 1, no. 2 (2018): 137-141.

Armia, Muhammad Siddiq. "Constitutional Courts And Judicial Review: Lesson Learned For Indonesia." Jurnal Negara Hukum 8, no. 1 (2017): 107-130.

Butarbutar, Frans Samuel Junero, and Irwan Triadi. "Implementasi Prinsip Demokrasi dalam Sistem Hukum Tata Negara." Birokrasi: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Tata Negara 2, no. 3 (2024): 264-273.

Damayanti, Fitria Indah, and Hari Soeskandi. "Kewenangan Jaksa Penuntut Umum Dalam Upaya Hukum Peninjauan Kembali." Bureaucracy Journal: Indonesia Journal of Law and Social-Political Governance 2, no. 2 (2022): 280-290.

Deu, Melfa. "Kode Etik Hakim Dan Komisi Yudisial Di Indonesia." Lex Et Societatis 3, no. 1 (2015), 13-37.

Dewi, Rozana Sukma, Avien Zakaria, and Aghnia Safana Ilmi. "Ethical Supervision of Judges to Improve the Integrity of the Constitutional Court." Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law 1, no. 3 (2024): 221-245.

Djamaludin, Djamaludin, Muhammad Fahruddin Aziz, Yanuriansyah Ar-Rasyid, and Iskandar Ali As-Sayyis. "Assessing the impact of electronic court systems on the efficiency of judicial processes in the era of digital transformation." Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi 12, no.3 (2023): 1-18.

Farid, Achmad Mitftah, Hibnu Nugroho, and Dwi Hapsari Retnaningrum. "Pelaksanaan Fungsi Pengawasan Terhadap Perilaku Hakim Oleh Mahkamah Agung." Soedirman Law Review 2, no. 1 (2020):12-21.

Fauzan, Ahmad, Ayon Diniyanto, and Abdul Hamid. "Regulation Arrangement through The Judicial Power: The Challenges of Adding the Authority of The Constitutional Court and The Supreme Court." Journal of Law and Legal Reform 3, no. 3 (2022): 403-430.

Hofifah, Hofifah. "Pelibatan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dalam Pengawasan Hakim Mahkamah Agung dalam Lingkungan Peradilan Perspektif Fath Dhari’ah." Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam 26, no. 1 (2023): 96-107.

Indraguna, Henry, and Faisal Santiago. "Building judge integrity to achieve judge independence related to judicial decisions through optimization of external supervision." J. Legal Ethical & Regul. Isses 25 (2022): 1.

Iqbal, Muhamad Iqbal, Susanto Susanto, and Moh Sutoro. "Functionalization of E-Court System in Eradicating Judicial Corruption at The Level of Administrative Management." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 19, no. 2 (2019): 370-388.

Jurdi, Fajlurrahman, Rizqa Ananda Hanapi, and Taufik Hidayat. "Optimalisasi Fungsi Pengawasan Dewan Etik Mahkamah Konstitusi." Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 50, no. 3 (2020): 689-700.

Kotijah, Siti, Muhammad Rizki An Noor, Ine Ventyrina, and Poppilea Erwinta. "Problematics of the oversight of the code of conduct and the code of judgment between the judicial commission and the supreme court." Awang Long Law Review 5, no. 2 (2023): 661-668.

Liweng, Andi Darmawansya Tenri, and Khairil Akram. "Optimizing the Role of the South Sulawesi Inspectorate in Handling Regional Government Supervision Issues to Achieve Transparency and Accountability." Golden Ratio of Law and Social Policy Review 4, no. 1 (2024): 24-31.

Lubis, Andi Hakim, Junaidi Lubis, and Said Rizal. "Optimalisasi Pengawasan dan Pembinaan Hakim Menuju Kekuasaan Kehakiman Yang Berintegritas dan Bermartabat." Ilmu Hukum Prima (IHP) 5, no. 1 (2022): 12-24.

Mendy, Ousu, and Ebrima Sarr. "The Judiciary in Governance: Understanding the Juridical Nature and Function of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Constitutional Law 2, no. 1 (2025): 1-22.

Mingyu, Liu. "Nature of New Power of Supervision and Judicial Supervision." China Legal Sci. 7, no. 3 (2019): 123.

Mpesau, Alasman. "Kewenangan Badan Pengawas Pemilu dalam penanganan pelanggaran administrasi ditinjau dari perspektif sistem peradilan Indonesia." Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) 2, no. 2 (2021): 74-85.

Patra, Rommy, Muhammad Syafei, Aldi Aldi, Felix Lawira, and Muhammad Badarul Husna. "The existence of the judicial commission in supervising judges in Indonesia." Pranata Hukum 19, no. 1 (2024): 1-15.

Prasedyomukti, Ahmad Firmanto, and Rakhmat Bowo Suharto. "The Role of Judicial Commission on Supervision of Judge’s Crime in Indonesia." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 4 (2018): 895-902.

Ramadan, Wahyu Aji, Irma Aulia Pertiwi Nusantara, and Tanti Mitasari. "Reformulasi pengawasan Mahkamah Konstitusi demi meningkatkan efektivitas penegakan kode etik hakim konstitusi." Jurnal Studia Legalia 3, no. 02 (2022): 21-43.

Rasyid, Usman, Novendri Mohamad Nggilu, Fence Wantu, Julisa Aprilia Kaluku, and Ahmad Ahmad. "Reformulation of the Authority of Judicial Commission: Safeguarding the Future of Indonesian Judicial Power." Jambura Law Review 5, no. 2 (2023): 386-413.

Salsabila, Ratu Tasya, Irwandi Irwandi, and Muhammad Eriton. "Analisis Kewenangan Antara Mahkamah Agung Dengan Komisi Yudisial Dalam Pengawasan Hakim Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan." Limbago: Journal of Constitutional Law 4, no. 1 (2024): 65-83.

Siddiq, Nurman, and Rudhiana Salam. "Enhancing Legal Certainty through Legal Reform in Indonesia: Problems and Efforts to Strengthen Legal Institutions." Strata Law Review 3, no. 1 (2025): 1-14.

Simabura, Charles. "Membangun Sinergi Dalam Pengawasan Hakim." Jurnal Konstitusi 6, no. 2 (2009): 43-62.

Suntana, Ija, and Dini Inasyah Alfaridah. "Hubungan Kelembagaan antara Komisi Yudisial dengan Mahkamah Konstitusi: Analisis Siyasah Dusturiyah Terhadap Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 005/PUU-IV/2006." JAPHTN-HAN 1, no. 2 (2022): 227-239.

Suparto, Suparto, Kim Hyeonsoo, David Hardiago, and Rani Fadhila Syafrinaldi. "Enhancing External Oversight of Constitutional Judges: A Study on the Role of the Judicial Commission in Indonesia and South Korea." Lex Scientia Law Review 8, no. 1 (2024): 75-89.

Surullaha, Intan, Beth Manullang, M. Faiz Razki Perdana, and Aditya Thapsuandji. "Pencabutan Kewenangan Fungsi Pengawasan Komisi Yudisial Terhadap Hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi: Peninjauan Terhadap Putusan MK Nomor 005/PUU-IV/2006." Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research 4, no. 3 (2024): 18614-18627.

Tutik, Titik Triwulan. "Position and Functions of Judges in Enforcing the Supreme of the Law: Case Study of Code of Ethics Violation by Judge." Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) 3, no. 2 (2021): 185-222.

Widayati, Widayati, Winanto Winanto, Denny Suwondo, Arpangi Arpangi, and Yudhi Taufiq Nur Hidayat. "Reconstruction of the Judicial Commission’s Authority in Promoting Judges with Integrity." Jurnal Hukum 39, no. 2 (2023): 270-294.

Yuwono, Lila Graciella. "Kewenangan Komisi Yudisial dalam Pengawasan Hakim: Analisis Terhadap Putusan MK No. 005/PUU-IV/2006." Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora 5, no. 1 (2025): 10-10.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v12i1.45934

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Indexed by :

google_scholar onesearch crossref garuda base dimension DOAJ sinta
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum  
Faculty of Law, UnissulaCopyright of Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum
Jalan Kaligawe Raya KM.4, Terboyo Kulon, Genuk,ISSN 2580-3085 (Online) ISSN 2355-0481 (Print)
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50112JPH is licensed under a