LEGAL POLITICS OF REGIONAL HEAD ELECTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: DO ANTAGONISTIC IMPLICATIONS?

Fifiana Wisnaeni, Kornelius Yosua Dimas Nugroho

Abstract


This research aspires to know and analyze the political law of regional head elections in Indonesia in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Next, the implications of COVID-19 are explored to determine its impact on the implementation of regional head elections and democracy in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the political laws of regional head elections in Indonesia when the COVID-19 pandemic happened and explore the implications of the pandemic on regional head elections and democracy in Indonesia. This research used normative juridical method with specifications in the analytical descriptive investigation, secondary data was used to examine research data qualitatively. The study found that the rescheduled simultaneous regional elections during the COVID-19 pandemic were carried out in December 2020 while also applying stringent health protocols. The COVID-19 pandemic is believed not to have affected democracy in Indonesia since the process was carried out in a direct, open, public, secret, honest, and fair manner. this study also found that public participation in regional head elections amid the COVID-19 pandemic increased compared to previous years; voter turnout in 2015 was 69.35%, and the number increased to 74.89% in 2017. the participation further progressed to 76.09% in 2020 despite the happening pandemic.

Keywords


COVID-19; Elections; Government; Political.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Journals:

Agus Pramusinto, Otonomi Daerah dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Dalam Mencermati Hasil Pemilu 2004 [Regional Autonomy and Regional Head Elections by Observing the 2004 Election Results], (Jakarta: CSIS Analysis Journal Vol. 33, No. 2 June 2004).

AleÌ-Chilet, J., Atal, J.P., Dominguez-Rivera, P. (2020). Activity and the incidence of emergencies: evidence from daily data at the onset of a pandemic. PIER Working Paper, 2-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3595246

Arceneaux, K., Bakker, B. N., Hobolt, S. B., De Vries, C. E. (October 5, 2020). Is COVID-19 a threat to liberal democracy? PsyArXiv, Web. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8e4pa

Ataguba, O. A., Ataguba, J. E. (2020). Social determinants of health: the role of effective communication in the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries. Global Health Action, 13(1): 2-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1788263.

Atique, S., Bautista, J. R., Block, L. J., Lee, J. J. J., Lozadaâ€Perezmitre, E., Nibber, R., O’Connor, S., Peltonen, L. M., Ronquillo, C., Tayaben, J., Thilo, F. J. (2020). A nursing informatics response to COVIDâ€19: Perspectives from five regions of the world. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 76(10): 2462-2468.

Bach, L., Guillouzouic, A., Malgouyres, C. (2021). Does holding elections during a COVID-19 pandemic put the lives of politicians at risk?. Journal of Health Economics, 78(2021): 1-16.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102462

Bavel, J. J. V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P. S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M. J., Crum, A. J., Douglas, K. M., Druckman, J. N., Drury, J. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(5): 460-471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z

Becher, M., Marx, N. L., Pons, V., Brouard, S., Foucault, M., Galasso, V., Kerrouche, E., Alfonso, S. L., Stegmueller, D. (2021). COVID-19, Government Performance, and Democracy: Survey Experimental Evidence from 12 Countries. Technical Report. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w29514

Bertoli, S., Guichard, L., & Marchetta, F. (2020). Turnout in the municipal elections of march 2020 and excess mortality during the Covid-19 epidemic in France. IZA Discussion Paper No. 13335, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3627035. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3627035

Bertoni, M., Celidoni, M., Dal Bianco, C., Weber, G. (2021). How did European retirees respond to the COVID-19 pandemic?. Economics Letters, 203(2021): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109853

Blair, R. A., Morse, B. S., Tsai, L. L. (2017). Public health and public trust: Survey evidence from the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in Liberia. Social Science & Medicine, 172(2017): 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.016

Cairney, P., Wellstead, A. (2021). COVID-19: effective policymaking depends on trust in experts, politicians, and the public. Policy Design and Practice, 4(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2020.1837466

Cassan, G., Sangnier, M. (2022). The impact of 2020 French municipal elections on the spread of COVID-19. Journal of Population Economics, 35(3): 963-988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-022-00887-0

Cepaluni, G., Dorsch, M. T., Branyiczki, R. (2022). Political regimes and deaths in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice, 37(1): 27-53. https://doi.org/10.1332/251569121X16268740317724

Chatterji, P., Li, Y. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient providers in the United States. Medical Care, 59(1), 58-61. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001448

Citrin, J., Stoker, L. (2018). Political trust in a cynical age. Annual Review of Political Science, 21(1): 49–70. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-POLISCI-050316-092550

Collins, A., Florin, M. V., Renn, O. (2020). COVID-19 risk governance: drivers, responses and lessons to be learned. Journal of Risk Research, 23(7-8): 1073-1082. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1760332

Cotti, C., Engelhardt, B., Foster, J., Nesson, E., Niekamp, P. (2021). The relationship between inâ€person voting and COVIDâ€19: evidence from the Wisconsin primary. Contemporary Economic Policy, 39(4): 760-777. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12519

Devine, D., Gaskell, J., Jennings, W., Stoker, G. (2021). Trust and the coronavirus pandemic: what are the consequences of and for trust? An early review of the literature. Political Studies Review, 19(2): 274-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478929920948684

Gandasari, D., Dwidienawati, D. (2020). Content analysis of social and economic issues in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 6(11): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05599

Haute, T., Kelbel, C., Briatte, F., Sandri, G. (2021). Down with Covid: patterns of electoral turnout in the 2020 French local elections. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 31(sup1), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2021.1924752

Levitsky, S., & Ziblatt, D. (2019). How democracies die. Crown Publishing Group, New York, the USA.

Noury, A., François, A., Gergaud, O., Garel, A. (2021). How does COVID-19 affect electoral participation? evidence from the French municipal elections. PloS one, 16(2): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247026

Sansonetti, P. (2020). Web conférence: Covid-19 ou la chronique d’une émergence annoncée. Inserm-La science pour la sant e. Inserm (the National Institute of Health and Medical Research). Available online https://www.inserm.fr/actualite/web-conference-covid-19-ou-chronique-emergence-annoncee/

Schwartz, J. (2012) Compensating for the 'authoritarian advantage' in crisis response: a comparative case study of SARS pandemic responses in China and Taiwan. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 17(3): 313–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-012-9204-4

Skleparis, D. (June 3, 2020). All animals are equal: the relationship between the Cummings row and public trust in democracy. British Politics and Policy at LSE Available online http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/105484

Ziedan, E., Simon, K. I., Wing, C. (2020). Effects of state COVID-19 closure policy on non-COVID-19 health care utilization (No. w27621). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27621

Books & News Articles:

BN Marbun, 1982, DPR Daerah, Pertumbuhan, Masalah dan Masa Depannya [Regional Parliament, Their Growth, Problem, and Future], Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia Press.

Bonar Simorangkir et al, 2000, Otonomi atau Federalisme Dampaknya terhadap Perekonomian [Autonomy or Federalism Impacting the Economy], First Edition, Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan dan Harian Suara Pembaharuan Press.

C.F. Strong, 1966, Modern Political Constitution: An Introduction to the Comparative Study of their History and Existing Form, London: The English Book Society and Sidgwick & Jackson Limited.

Cotti, C. D., Engelhardt, B., Foster, J., Nesson, E. T., Niekamp, P. S. (2020). The relationship between in-person voting, consolidated polling locations, and absentee voting on covid-19: Evidence from the Wisconsin primary. Cambridge, MA, USA: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Fred Isjwara, 1974, Pengantar Ilmu Politik [Basic Introduction to Political Sciences], Fifth Edition, Bandung: Binacipta.

Gill, M. (2020). Public trust and the public's health: two sides of the same coin?. BMJ Publishing Group. Available online https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/05/28/public-trust-and-the-publics-health-two-sides-of-the-same-coin/

H Abdul Manan, 2018, Dinamika Politik Hukum [The Dynamics of Political Law], Jakarta: Kencana.

Hobbes, T. (1969). Leviathan, 1651. Scolar P., Menston. Monash University Library.

Irawan Soejito, 1982, Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah [Interrelations between Central Government and Local Government], Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia Press.

Jackson, J., Bradford, B., Yesberg, J., Hobson, Z., Kyprianides, A., Pósch, K., Solymosi, R. (June 15, 2020). Public compliance and COVID-19: Did Cummings damage the fight against the virus, or become a useful anti-role model?. Available online https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/public-compliance-covid19-june/

Kemitraan, 2011, Merancang Sistem Politik Demokratis [Configuring a Democratic Political System], Jakarta: Partnership for Governance Reform.

Luki Sandra Amalia, Syamsudin Haris, Sri Nur Yanti, Lili Romli, Devi Darmawan, 2016, Evaluasi Pemilu Legislatif 2014: Analisis Proses dan Hasil [2014 Legislative Election Evaluation: Analysis of its Process and Outcome], Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Press.

M. Rusli Karim, 1991, Pemilu-Pemilu Demokratis Kompetitif [Competitive Democratic Elections], Jakarta: Tara Wacana Press.

Mill, J. S. (1887). Civil rights. London: Longmans, Green Co-Publishing.

Mirza Nasution, 2015, Politik Hukum dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia [Political Laws in the Indonesian Constitutional System], Medan: Puspantara Press.

Moh. Mahfud MD, 2010, Membangun Politik Hukum, Menegakkan Konstitusi [Establishing the Political Law, Enforcing the Constitution], Jakarta: Rajawali Press.

Muhammad Asfar, 2006, Pemilu dan Perilaku Memilih 1955 – 2004 [Elections and Voting Behavior 1955 – 2004], Surabaya: Center for Democracy and Human Rights Studies.

Ramlan Surbakti, 2008, Sistem Pemilu dan Tatanan Politik Demokrasi, in Ramlan Surbakti et al. (Ed), Perekayasaan Sistem Pemilu untuk Pembangunan Tata Politik Demokratis [Election System and Democratic Political Order, in Ramlan Surbakti et al. (Ed), Engineering Electoral System for the Development of Democratic Political Order], Jakarta: Kemitraan.

Ratclife, R. (2020). First coronavirus cases confirmed in Indonesia amid fears nation is ill-prepared for outbreak. The Guardian. Available online https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/02/first-coronavirus-cases-confirmed-in-indonesia-amid-fears-nation-is-ill-prepared-for-outbreak

Ronny Hanitijo Soemitro, 1982, Metode Penelitian Hukum [Legal Research Methods], Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia Press.

…………., 1988, Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Jurimetri [Legal Research Methods and Jurimetric], Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia Press.

Sayuti Una, 2004, Pergeseran Kekuasaan Pemerintah Daerah menurut Konstitusi Indonesia [Shifts in the Power of Local Governments according to the Indonesian Constitution], Yogyakarta: UII Press.

Schmitt, C. (2005). Political theology: Four chapters on the concept of sovereignty. University of Chicago Press, the USA.

Singer, N., Sang-Hun, C. (2020) As coronavirus surveillance escalates, personal privacy plummets. The New York Times. Available online https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-surveillance-tracking-privacy.html

Soehino, 2002, Pemerintahan di Daerah, Yogyakarta: Liberty.

The Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). (2021). Global overview of COVID-19: impact on elections. IDEA. Available online https://www.idea.int/news-media/multimedia-reports/global-overview-covid-19-impact-elections

The New York Times. (2020). Wisconsin primary recap: voters forced to choose between their health and their civic duty. The New York Times. Available online https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/us/politics/wisconsin-primary-election.html

WHO (World Health Organization). (2022). WHO Health Emergency Dashboard. Available online https://covid19.who.int/region/searo/country/id

Regulations:

Act No. 10/2016 concerning the Second Amendment Act No. 1/2015 concerning Determination of Government Regulation in Lieu of Act No. 1/2014 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors into Law.

Act No. 23 of 2014 on the Regional Government.

Act No. 6/2020 concerning Stipulation Government Regulation in Lieu of Act No. 2/2020 concerning the Third Amendment to Act No. 1/2015 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Act No. 1/2014 concerning the Election of Governors, Regents, and Mayors into Law.

Constitutional Court Decision Number 100/PUU-XIII/2015 on a Single Candidate.

Constitutional Court Decision Number 14/PUU-XI/2013 concerning General Elections in Unison.

General Election Commission Regulation No. 10/2020 concerning Amendments to General Election Commission Regulation No. 6/2020 concerning the Implementation of the Simultaneous Election of Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and/or Mayors and Deputy Mayors in Non-Natural Disaster Conditions due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

General Election Commission Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5/2020 concerning the Third Amendment to General Election Commission Regulation Number 15/2019 concerning Stages, Programs, and Schedules for the 2020 Election of Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and/or Mayors and Deputy Mayors.

Regulation of the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4/2016 concerning Amendments to General Election Commission Regulation Number 3 concerning Stages, Programs, and Schedules for the 2017 Election of Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and/or Mayors and Deputy Mayors.

Regulation of the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5/2016 concerning the Second Amendment to the Regulation of the General Elections Commission Number 9/2015 concerning 2015 Election Nominations of the Governor and Deputy Governors, Regents, Deputy Regents, and/or Mayors and Deputy Mayors.

Regulation of the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3/2017 concerning Election Nominations of the Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and/or Mayors and Deputy Mayors.

Regulation of the General Election Commission of the Republic of Indonesia Number 15/2017 concerning Amendments to General Election Commission Regulation Number 3/2017 concerning Election Nominations of Governors and Deputy Governors, Regents and Deputy Regents, and/or Mayors and Deputy Mayors.

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v10i1.20019

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum Indexed by :

google_scholar onesearch crossref garuda sinta base dimension DOAJ
Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum  
Faculty of Law, UnissulaCopyright of Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum
Jalan Kaligawe Raya KM.4, Terboyo Kulon, Genuk,ISSN 2580-3085 (Online) ISSN 2355-0481 (Print)
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50112JPH is licensed under a