1. Referencing Style

GEE uses the American Psychological Association (APA) 7th Edition referencing style. Authors must apply APA 7 consistently for in-text citations and reference entries. All citations and references should follow the prescribed formatting, punctuation, capitalization, and ordering rules.

2. Reference Requirements

Authors are expected to ensure that their references meet the following requirements:

• Use relevant and credible scholarly sources that directly support the research topic and arguments.
• Prioritize articles published in reputable peer-reviewed academic journals.
• Give priority to recent publications, particularly those published within the last five years, while retaining essential foundational references when necessary.
• Ensure that every in-text citation has a corresponding entry in the reference list.
• Ensure that every reference listed has been cited in the manuscript.
• Provide complete and accurate bibliographic information, including DOI or a stable URL when available.

3. Reference Management Software

Authors are strongly encouraged to use reference management software to organize references, manage citations, and maintain consistency in manuscript formatting.

Recommended reference management tools include:

• Mendeley Reference Manager – for organizing academic references and generating citations and bibliographies.
• Zotero – for collecting, organizing, citing, and managing scholarly sources.
• EndNote – for managing bibliographic information and formatting references.

Regardless of the software used, authors remain responsible for checking the accuracy and consistency of all citations and references.

4. DOI and URL Requirements

Authors should include the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for journal articles whenever one is available. DOIs must be presented in the standard URL format:

If a DOI is unavailable, authors may provide a stable and accessible URL when appropriate. All links and DOI information must be checked to ensure that they direct readers to the correct source.

5. In-Text Citations

In-text citations must follow the APA 7 author–date system. Authors should cite the original source whenever possible and provide page numbers for direct quotations.

Examples:

6. Reference List Format

The reference list must be arranged alphabetically by the surname of the first author. Authors should apply a hanging indent and follow APA 7 formatting requirements.

Journal article:

Book:

Book chapter:

7. Accuracy and Verification of References

Authors must verify the accuracy of all reference details, including author names, publication years, article titles, journal names, volume and issue numbers, page ranges, and DOI information. References must not be fabricated, altered, or included without verification. The editorial team may request clarification or correction if inaccurate or unverifiable references are identified during the editorial process.