Effect of Mangosteen Peel Extract on SGOT and SGPT in Rats Fed Reused Cooking Oil

Background: Free radicals that enter the body due to consumption of reused cooking oil can cause liver cell damage. Mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L) is known to contain mangostin as an antioxidant. However, it is not known whether it can repair liver damage. Objective: To determine the ef fect of mangosteen peel extract on the levels of SGOT and SGPT of Wistar rats fed with reused cooking oil. Methods: This study was a true experimental study with post-test only controlled group design. Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups randomly. The CN-G group was given the standard diet, the MJ-G group was given a standard diet and cooking oil, the MJM-400 group was given standard diet, reused cooking oil, and mangosteen peel extract at a dose of 400 mg/KgBW, and the MJM-800 group was fed with a standard, reused cooking oil, and mangosteen peel extract at 800mg/KgBW. The treatment was carried out for 28 days, and then continued with examination of SGOT and SGPT levels using the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method without Pyridoxal Phosphate 37oC. Results: Kruskal Walis test showed that SGOT and SGPT levels showed no significant differences between groups (p = 0.197 and 0.063, respectively). Conclusion: administration of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) peel extract did not af fect SGOT levels, even tended to increase SGPT levels in rats induced by cooking oil.


INTRODUCTION
Frequent consumption of fried food prepared and Bouta stated that 77% of 163 respondents were willing to consume the used cooking oil (Vanessa and Bouta, 2010).Repeated heating in cooking oil causes organ damage.Reused cooking oil is cooking oil used or heated repeatedly and continuously.According to liters per capita annually and increased to 9.33 liters in Bouta, 2010).Repeated heating in cooking oil causes which produces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) such as anionic superoxide (O2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radical (HO•).Excessive ROS production • eISSN: 2339-093X http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/sainsmedikaTable 1.Mean rat body weight, SGOT and SGPT levels damage and death (Choe & Min 2007;Xf et al. 2015;Adly 2010;Faizurrahman Andi Kusuma 2016).
The increasing use of traditional medicine as an alternative treatment resulted in the increased research rats fed a high trans-fatty acid diet had a cytoplasmic ballooning, and necro-inflammation (Dhibi et al. 2011).alternative treatment resulted in the increased research on medicinal plants including mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L), fruit especially its peel.Several studies have shown that mangosteen peel extract containing xanthones has an antioxidant effect (Jung et al. 2006).
Transaminase (SGPT) (Apreliantino 2013) because liver cell membrane damage causes the liver cell to xanthones has an antioxidant effect (Jung et al. 2006).
seperti -mangostin, dan -mangostin -are the largest components and have a high ability as antioxidants.liver cell membrane damage causes the liver cell to release SGOT and SGPT enzymes to the bloodstream resulting in increased in SGOT and SGPT levels in the blood (Van Beek et al. 2013).
The purpose of this study was to determine the LDL (Ibrahim et al., 2016).Xanthone antioxidant in mangosteen peel extract will reduce ROS production preventing oxidative stress and organ damage to occur The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mangosteen peel extract on the levels of SGOT and SGPT in Wistar rats fed used cooking oil.

METHODS
preventing oxidative stress and organ damage to occur (Pedraza-Chaverri et al. 2008).

METHODS
This research was a true experimental study with post-test only controlled group design conducted at the Laboratory of Diponegoro University Faculty of alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) have been a health problem in the world and in Indonesia.The prevalence of NAFLD has been found in a range from Medicine between April and June 2017.Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.The CN-G group was given the standard diet.The MJ-G group was given standard diet and reused cooking prevalence of NAFLD has been found in a range from 15-20% in the adult population in the United States, Japan, and Italy (Mulyono 2016).A large population based study reported by Hasan and Mulyono showed G group was given standard diet and reused cooking oil.The MJM-400 group, given standard diet, reused cooking oil, and mangosteen peel extract at a the dose of 400 mg/Kg BW , and the MJM-800 group, were fed standard diet, reused cooking oil and mangosteen peel associated with the consumption of trans-fats.The results of a study conducted by Dhibi et al. showed that standard diet, reused cooking oil and mangosteen peel extract at 800mg/KgBW .Provision of reused cooking oil and mangosteen peel was carried out for 28 days, then continued with blood collection through retroorbital plexus for examination of SGOT and SGPT results of a study conducted by Dhibi et al. showed that the histopathological features of liver from a group of orbital plexus for examination of SGOT and SGPT levels.This research was carried out after obtaining

Reused Oil Preparation
Reused cooking oil was obtained from 2500 mL of unbranded cooking oil, having been used to fry 1 kg of cassava for 8 minutes at 150ºC.The oil was then cooled to room temperature for 5 hours and repeatedly used for 5 times (Hartono, 2011).

SGOT and SGPT examination
Examination of SGOT and SGPT levels was Phosphate 37ºC.Data was read at 340nm wavelength and SGPT levels in wistar rats (Totani & Ojiri, 2007).
the administration of reused cooking oil in rats.In Totani and Ojiri's study, rats were given ad libitum reused cooking oil for 12 weeks, while in this study the administration of the oil was for 28 days (4 weeks).
The administration for 4 weeks could not induce rat liver abnormalities, characterized by an increase in study also used a different composition of repeatedly Phosphate 37ºC.Data was read at 340nm wavelength and SGOT and SGPT levels are expressed in units of U/L.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Kruskal Walis test considering the data obtained were not normally distributed and not homogeneous.The results of the analysis were considered significant if the value of p <0.05.

RESULTS
study also used a different composition of repeatedly heated cooking oil.Totani and Ojiri's research used a combination of soybean oil and canola cooking oil from food processing industry (high temperature> 180oC and heated for > 20 hours), while this study used unbranded palm cooking oil repeatedly used to fry cassava (temperature <180 C and frying time <20 hours).Reused cooking oil from the food processing industry containing various toxic substances such as polar compounds, carbonyl compounds, monoepoxy fatty acids, and other substances such as acrylamide which have the potential to cause stress due to free

RESULTS
After 28 days of treatment, the blood samples were carried out through retroorbital plexus for the evaluation of SGOT and SGPT levels.The results is shown in Table 1.
The results shown in table 1 shows the highest SGOT and SGPT levels were found in the MJM-800 group followed by CN-G, MJ-G, and MJM-400 group.To find out whether there were differences between groups, statistical analysis were needed.Since the data were not normally distributed and homogeneous, the statistical analysis used was Kruskal Walis.The results which have the potential to cause stress due to free free radicals in the body so the body needs exogenous antioxidants (Choe & Min 2007).

Effect of mangosteen peel extract on SGOT and SGPT level in rat fed with reused cooking oil
The group of rats fed with reused cooking oil and mangosteen peel extract at the dose of 400 mg/ KgBW (MJM-400) had the lowest mean SGOT and statistical analysis used was Kruskal Walis.The results of the analysis showed no significant differences in SGOT and SGPT levels between groups, p> 0.5 (figure 1).

DISCUSSION
administration of reused cooking oil did not increase associated with the production of free radicals in the body.The reference value of SGOT levels for male study.The MJM-400 group had a lower SGOT level (19.49%) when compared to the MJ-G group (without mangosteen peel extract).Similarly, the mean level of SGPT in the MJM-400 (10.50%) was lower than that of the MJ-G group.However, both differences in SGOT and SGPT levels between the MJ-G group and the MJM-400P2 group were not statistically significant (p> 0.05).
Fakhmiyogi et al (2014) showing that administration of body.The reference value of SGOT levels for male Wistar rats ranged from 63-175 U/L, while the SGPT reference values ranged from 19-48 U/L (Giknis & Clifford 2008).In the control group (CN-G), the mean SGOT level (113.10 ± 13.00 U/L) was in the normal Fakhmiyogi et al (2014) showing that administration of mangosteen peel extract can inhibit isoniazid induced inflammation and oxidative stress from hepatocyte cells and renal tubules in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) (Fakhmiyogi et al. 2014).These results also supported the those of research conducted by Maulina et al (2013) showing that the macroscopic feature of MSG induced liver damage in Mus musculus mice could be improved by the admistration of mangosteen peel ethanol extract (Maulina et al. 2013).

CONCLUSION
the dose of 400 mg/kgBW for 28 days reduced SGOT and SGPT levels of wistar rats fed given reused cooking (Maulina et al. 2013).
The hepatoprotective effect of mangosteen peel extract, due to a group of xanthone compounds, has of free radicals.The most abundant xanthones found in mangosteen rind, -mangostin and -mangostin, will specifically scavenge hydroxyl radicals and superoxide ions.In addition, these compounds can also inhibit lipid peroxidation.Due to free radicals scavenging, the oxidation reaction chain will be interrupted, and liver cell damage can be prevented (Kosem et al. 2007).mangostinhas also been shown to reduce secretions and SGPT levels of wistar rats fed given reused cooking The administration of high doses of mangosteen peel (800 mg/kg BW) for 28 days increased the levels of SGOT and SGPT of Wistar rats fed reused cooking oil.This increase in SGOT and SGPT was associated with liver damage.Instead of increasing, the administration of high doses of mangosteen peel extract lower SGOT and SGPT levels.mangosteen peel extract on SGOT and SGPT levels mangostin has also been shown to reduce secretions from inflammatory mediators in various body tissues and activate monocyte derived human macrophages (Gutierrez-Orozco et al, 2013).
Based on the results of the study, a group of rats at a dose of 800 mg/KgBB (MJM-800) had the highest mean of SGOT and SGPT levels among the three other groups in this study.The MJM-800 group had a higher SGOT level compared to the MJ-G (66.50%) and MJM-400 groups (106.81%).Similarly, mean level of SGPT in the MJM-800 group was higher than that of the MJ-exposure period (more than 4 weeks), test research after treatment.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
There is no conflict of interest.

REFERENCES
Adly, A. A. M. ( 2010) 'Oxidative stress and disease: in the MJM-800 group was higher than that of the MJdifference between SGOT and SGPT levels between MJ-G and MJM-800 groups, and between MJM-400 (p> 0.05).
Based on the mean comparison of SGOT levels between the MJM-400 and MJM-800 groups, it can be concluded that instead of increasing the antioxidant effect on rats fed used cooking oil, the administration of mangosteen peel extract to 800 mg/KgBW increase the risk of liver cell damage. jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/sainsmedika ://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/sainsmedikaapproval from the Health Research Ethics Commission RSDK/2017) registered on May 17, 2017.range, while the mean SGPT level (52.40 ± 10.67 U/ L) was slightly higher than normal.The findings of this study was different from a study conducted by Totani and Ojiri in 2007, stating that the administration of http Phisalpong, C., Rungsipipat, A. (2011) 'Chronic Toxicity Study of Garcinia mangostana Linn.pericarp Extract', Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine.41. pp.45-54.Choe, E. and Min, D. B. (2007) 'Chemistry of deep-fat frying oils', Journal of Food Science, 72(5).doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00352.x.toxicity tests of mangosteen peel extract on Wistar rats conducted for 6 months showed that at the oral dose with different trans fatty acid levels differentially induces oxidative stress and non alcoholic fatty Metabolism.BioMed Central Ltd, 8(1), p. 65. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-65. of 500 and 1000 mg/KgBW increased the levels of SGOT, SGPT, BUN, creatinine, and the presence of hepatocellular degeneration (Chivapat et al., 2011).