Early childhood caries prevalence among children with cleft lip and palate at

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is a congenital abnormality that can be a risk factor for Early Childhood Caries (ECC). ECC is caries that occur in children aged 0-71 months. Poor oral hygiene often found in CL/P patients due to anatomic defects, treatment devices, and surgical scars that can facilitate the colonization of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli as caries-causing bacteria. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ECC in children with CL/P aged 2-6 years at Padjadjaran Univeristy Dental Hospital from 2018 - June of 2021. Method: The study used a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The data used is secondary data which is CL/P patients aged 2-6 years medical records at Padjadjaran University Dental Hospital from 2018 until June 2021. The sample obtained using total sampling is 102. Result: The prevalence of ECC in children with CL/P was 46.08%. Unilateral complete palatognatoschizis was the most found CL/P cases (49.02%), including patients with ECC (21.57%). Male is the most common gender in this study (62.75%) also the gender with the most ECC (28.43%). Most children aged 13-24 months (66,67%), while 25-60 months (22,55%) had the highest ECC cases. Most of the CL/P patients came from West Java (95.10%), including patients with ECC (43.14%) Conclusion: Children with CLP have a high risk of caries, regardless in this study, the prevalence was not that high. Although,


INTRODUCTION
The worldwide incidence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is about 1/700 live births every year. 1 American and Asian populations are approximately 1 in 500, European 1 in 1000, and African 1 in 2500. 2  Oral hygiene in CL/P patients is frequently found in a poor condition due to use of the intraoral appliances during treatment. 6 The application of orthodontic appliances, obturators, and other appliances can help children during breastfeeding and speaking. 7 However, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli as bacteria that initiate caries were facilitated to colonize. 8 Worth et al.,(2007) 9 show that an individual with an orofacial cleft has a higher risk of caries.
American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry defines ECC as "the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (because of caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child aged 71 months or younger". 10 ECC could be the major problem in children's dental and oral health. 11 Prevalence of ECC in Asian countries such as China in the 2- year-old group (26,6%), United Arab Emirates (83%), and Vietnam (91,9%). 12,13 Riskesdas (Riset

search in West
Scotandia by comparing caries prevalence in children aged 6 months -6 years with CL/P with national data of the same age. 14 The result was showed that a higher prevalence of caries found in children with CL/P (62,8%) more than the national data (42,3%)

RESULT
The size of the sample that was suitable for inclusion criteria was 102. The distribution of sample characteristics is shown in Table    (6,86%). Gnatoshizis wasn't found in this study. Central Java   group in this study must also be considered. [28][29][30] Caries is a multifactorial disease. 31 Bacteria that cause caries require an optimal site for colonization. 12 The alteration of the substrate from deposits of food in the oral cavity will be changed to acid by a bacterium over time it can become caries. 32 More and more teeth erupt with age. 32

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Early childhood caries prevalence among children with cleft lip and palate at padjadjaran university dental hospital   Distance is one of the predisposing factors for a person to seek treatment because the distance of a health facility can be an obstacle. 50 The type of service available at a health facility also affects a person in seeking treatment. 51 Severity of the disease also affects individuals to seek treatment at the health facility compared to self-medication. 50 Handayani et al., (2003) 52 showed that Indonesians are more careful if their baby gets sick and tend to take it to a medical professional. revealed that the prevalence of dental caries in children was higher in mothers who did not work. 54 Working mothers have less time for their children, but earn an income that can help increase knowledge, including dental and oral health. 55 The income can also meet the needs of prevention and treatment in health. 54 . 56 The results difference also because of the social environment. 57 Working mothers will have a wider social environment. 54  ECC. Oral hygiene of children with CLP must be a concern of parents from an early age to prevent ECC.