RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK FACTORS AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS

Background: Periodontal disease is an infection in the oral cavity that is often found in the community and is considered as the number two disease in the world after dental caries. The higher the age, the higher the index of periodontal disease and if no prevention is carried out it can affect a person's quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between risk factors and the occurrence of periodontal disease. Method: This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was taken by proportional random sampling and it was obtained as many as 250 patients aged 15-55 years. The risk factors studied were: OHI-S index, instantaneous blood sugar, knowledge of periodontal disease, dental and oral health maintenance behavior, food selection behavior, smoking habit, and utilization of health services. Measurement of periodontal disease based on the state of gingival infection and the data were analyzed using the chi-square test. Result: The results of the chi-square test obtained the OHI-S index, knowledge of periodontal disease, dental and oral health maintenance behavior, food selection behavior, personal blood sugar, and utilization of dental health services (p<0.05). The relationship between smoking habits and the occurrence of periodontal disease was p>0.05 Conclusion: the risk factors: OHI-S, knowledge of periodontal disease, dental and oral health maintenance behavior, food selection behavior, instantaneous blood sugar levels, and utilization of dental and oral health services are significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontal disease. 45-54 years 0.76%, 55-64 years 0.75% and above 65 years 0.73%. 2 Based of the national basic health research 2018, the increases of age shows the higher periodontal disease index, which tends to occur in people with low income will be.


INTRODUCTION
Dental and oral health is critical to our general health because the oral cavity plays an important role in speech, food digestion, communication, and socialization. Periodontal disease is one of the oral and dental diseases found in the community can affect a person's quality of life. 1 15-24 years is 0.69%, 25-34 years 0.74%, 35-44 years 0.76%, 45-54 years 0.76%, 55-64 years 0.75% and above 65 years 0.73%. 2 Based of the national basic health research 2018, the increases of age shows the higher periodontal disease index, which tends to occur in people with low income will be. 3 The periodontal disease index, especially the gingivitis index, in the age range between    The results of study (table 2) is shown that the mean value of respondents' oral and dental hygiene measured with the OHI-S index is 3,29+0,63 (high), knowledge of periodontal diseaseis 6,43+1,49 (high), oral and dental health maintenance behaviour is 29,88+4,08(high), food selection behaviour is12,04+1,81 (high), Instantaneous blood sugar level is 147,06+46,19 (low), smoking habit is 1,82+0,39 (high), and tilization of oral and dental health services is 1,42+0,40 (low). Note: * = there is a significant relationship (p < 0,05) Table 3. shows that the risk factors for periodontal disease that affect the occurrence of periodontal disease are: OHI-S, knowledge of periodontal disease, oral and dental health maintenance behaviour, food selection behaviour, Instantaneous blood sugar level, utilization of oral and dental health services (p<0.05).

RESULTS
In this study, periodontal diseases were determined by measuring the condition of gingiva.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK FACTORS AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS IN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS
ODONTO Dental Journal. Volume 9. Number 1. July 2022  Tables 2 and 3). The high value of the OHI-S index was determined by the oral and dental health maintenance behavior, meal pattern, and poor teeth brushing method. 6 The mean value of the knowledge of periodontal disease is 6 The mean value of utilization of oral and dental health services is 1.4+0.49. This means that every year, respondents had oral and dental checkup once (see Table 2). The low level of utilization of oral and dental health services causes a high level of oral and dental diseases in the community. 9 Other factors which influence the utilization of oral and dental health services is perception towards the need for certain health service and assessment towards the need for or benefits of such service. 10 The  Table 3). The high level of food selection behavior was influenced by the high level of knowledge. 7 The results were also influenced by the level of education of respondents which in this study was also high, diploma (5.2%) and higher education (30.2%) (see Table 2).  13 Many studies report that there is a two-way relationship between periodontal disease and the high level of blood sugar among diabetic The motivation for visiting dentists will emerge once one has unwanted experiences from their oral and dental disease. 18 They will have better understanding on the importance of dental health maintenance if they conduct dental examination frequently. 19 While visiting a dentist, the dentist will provide knowledge regarding periodontal diseases.

CONCLUSION
Based on the research result and discussion, the risk factors of the OHI-S index, the knowledge of periodontal disease, the oral and dental health maintenance behavior, the food selection behavior, the instantaneous blood sugar level, and the utilization of oral and dental health services are related to the occurrence of periodontal disease.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to the Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry Yogyakarta which has provided data for our research, the head of health department of Sleman regency, the heads of Community Health Service Centres Gamping II, Godean I, Godean II, Seyegan, Moyudan and Minggir who has given us permission to conduct the research in their facilities, and all patients in the dental treatment centres who were willing to become our respondents.