THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDAMAME ( GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL ) EXTRACT AS ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURE CLEANSER ON THE NUMBER OF CANDIDA ALBICANS

Background: Cleaning in denture base is needed to reduce the Candida albicans colonization and prevent denture stomatitis. Denture cleaning can be mechanically cleaned with a toothbrush, or chemically cleaned by immersion. Another natural ingredient that can be used for immersion is edamame ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill ) extract because it contains saponins, which contain antifungal compounds that can inhibit C. albicans. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of edamame extract ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill ) as a heat-cured acrylic resin denture cleanser with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by soaking for 8 hours against the amount of C. albicans . Method: This research is a laboratory experimental study with 50 samples divided into 5 groups. The research group consisted of immersion acrylic resin samples with C. albicans contamination for 8 hours in the control group, namely sterile distilled water and the treatment group, namely edamame extract with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% and then spectrophotometer test to see the absorbance of C. albicans. Result: The ANOVA test result showed p <0.005 Based on the results of the LSD test, it showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in most groups except the control group against the acrylic group soaked in 25% edamame extract and acrylic soaked in 75% edamame extract against the acrylic group soaked in 50% and 100% of edamame extract Conclusion: Edamame extract at 100% concentration as acrylic resin denture cleanser was the most effective in reducing the amount of C. albicans by soaking for 8 hours


INTRODUCTION
Edentulous is very disturbing a dental and oral health problem and appears in many communities. Edentulous is a condition where one or more teeth are removed from their socket or place. (1) This condition usually occurs due to periodontal disease, trauma and caries. The use of dentures as replacements of edentulous is very important to restore the function of these teeth.
Dentures serve to improve the ability to chew, speak, provide support for facial muscles, and improve facial appearance and smile. Dentures are divided into two types, namely fixed dentures and removable dentures. (2) The use of dentures is closely related to the way the user cleans his dentures. Denture cleaning procedures must be carried out regularly and regularly every day to prevent plaque buildup, clean food debris, calculus, and discoloration of the denture. Unclean dentures can cause bad breath and inflammation of the oral mucosa such as denture stomatitis. (3) Denture stomatitis can be prevented by cleaning the denture. Currently the price of denture cleaning in the market is relatively expensive.
Several studies concluded that the daily use of denture cleaning can cause acrylic resin properties such as discoloration, surface roughness, Kristiana/ Hidayati/ Nabil 89 ODONTO Dental Journal. Volume 9. Number 1. July 2022 hardness, and transverse strength. Therefore, alternative materials are needed as denture cleaning that can be obtained from herbal ingredients. (4) The herbal ingredient that can be used as a natural denture cleaning is the edamame plant (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Jember regency is one of the edamame soybean producing areas in East Java Province. Edamame soybeans contain high nutritional value such as protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and other content such as saponins.
About 2% of saponins (triterpene glycosides) contained in edamame soybeans also have antifungal activity. (7) Saponins are composed of structural compounds containing steroidal aglycones or triterpenes linked to one or more oligosaccharide moieties. The aglycon or non-saccharide part of the saponin molecule is called genin or sapogenin.
Saponins have been proved to have a wide range of antifungal activities through phytochemical tests. (8) According to the study conducted by Ambo et al, the extract of Adas Seed (Foeniculum Vulgare mill.) is an effective denture cleanser to the growth of Candida albicans on acrylic plate because of the fennel seeds which contained medicinal properties such as essential oils, flavonoids and saponins which are useful as antifungals. (9) Saponins work by disrupting the integrity of The data that has been entered first is tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. This test is used to determine normally distributed data, and then the Levene test is used to continue the homogeneity test to determine the data that has been entered into each set of homogeneous samples. If the data analysis results show that the data are normally distributed and homogeneous, use One-way Annova to perform statistical tests on the treatment group and the control group. Then, it proceeds to the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to determine the most effective dose to reduce the number of C. albicans.

RESULT
The results have been obtained by calculating the absorbance value of C. albicans on acrylic resin plates immersed in 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentration of edamame extract, and the absorbance value of C. albicans in Sabouraud medium has been obtained sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), see Table 1. Based on Table 1, the highest average absorbance value was found in the immersion group with distilled water (control) which was 0.155 and the lowest average absorbance value was found in the immersion group with 100% concentration of edamame extract, which was 0.142. All absorbance valuesobtained in Table 1 are then converted to obtain the number of C. albicans cells on the acrylic resin plate which is presented in Table 2.  Based on Table 2, the highest average number of C. albicans cells was found in the water immersion group, which was 0.078x108 CFU/ml, followed by the 25% edamame extract immersion group, 0.072x108 CFU/ml, then the edamame extract immersion group with a concentration of 0.072x108 CFU/ml. 50% was 0.039x108 CFU/ml and the 75% edamame extract immersion group was 0.021x108 CFU/ml. The immersion group with 100% concentration of edamame extract showed the lowest average number of C. albicans cells, which was -0.001x108 CFU/ml.
The ANOVA test result showed p <0.005 Based on the results of the LSD test, it showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in most groups except the control group against the acrylic group soaked in 25% edamame extract and acrylic soaked in 75% edamame extract against the acrylic group soaked in 50% and 100% of edamame extract

DISCUSSION
The completed research is a laboratory experimental study designed to determine the effectiveness of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% Edamame extract as a heat cured acrylic resin denture cleaning on the number of C colonies.
albicans. Each sample in the previous research was contaminated with C. albicans and then immersed in edamame extract for 8 hours. The difference in the concentration of edamame is to determine the concentration of edamame extract which is more effective as a heat-cured acrylic resin denture cleaning.
The results of the research that have been obtained, Table 1 shows the average value of the absorbance of C. albicans and its media which was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The absorbance value is a value that indicates the number of light absorbed by the media solution in each tube to see the density of microbial cells which will be seen as the turbidity of the medium. The absorbance valuesobtained in Table 1 show that the highest average absorbance value was in the negative control group, namely distilled water and the lowest average absorbance was in the 100% edamame extract immersion group. This indicates that the media turbidity in the control group is the highest, and also indicates that the number of C.
albicans in the control group is the highest.
The absorbance value of each sample was then converted to obtain the number of C. albicans  The results showed that immersion edamame extract in concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% could be recommended as a denture cleaning because it has antifungal effects and is acceptable in the oral cavity.

CONCLUSION
Edamame extract at 100% concentration as acrylic resin denture cleanser was the most effective in reducing the amount of C. albicans by soaking for 8 hours.