VICTIM BLAMING: LABELING FOR WOMEN VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE

I Made Wirya Darma, I Gusti A A Mas Triwulandari, Dewi Bunga

Abstract


The problem of blaming victims is related to the strong traditions and culture of the community that still perpetuate gender stereotypes. This study aims to examine the implications of patriarchal culture on the position of women as subordinates, the concept of blaming the victim against the women victims of sexual violence and human rights studies on victim blaming and labeling for women victims of sexual violence. The culture of gender injustice in the society makes women often get negative labels, in which the women who look beautiful and dress up using rather tight and sexy clothes are always considered as inviting the opposite sex to commit sexual harassment. This is then always used and associated with labeling of victims of sexual harrasment in which the society tends to blame victims of sexual harrasment or victim blaming. This type of research is a normative juridical research that is prescriptively providing solutions to the legal protection for victims related to victim blaming and labeling women as victims of sexual violence in the view of human rights that difinitely violates the constitution and law.

Keywords


Victim Blaming; Sexual Violence; Human Rights

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adolfsson, Kerstin. "Blaming Victims of Rape: Studies on Rape Myths and Beliefs About Rape." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/57769.

Ahrens, C. E. “Being Silenced: The Impact of Negative Social Reactions on the Disclosure of Rape.†American Journal of Community Psychology 38, no. 3-4 (2006): 31-34. doi:10.1007/s10464-006-9069-9

Apriliandra, Sarah, and Hetty Krisnani. "Perilaku Diskriminatif pada Perempuan Akibat Kuatnya Budaya Patriarki di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Perspektif Konflik." Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik 3, no. 1 (2021): 1-13.

Ashgarie, Rayza I. A., Nashra Tibrisna, Riyan R. A. Basith, Mochammad Sa’id. "Bias Gender Dalam Fenomena Victim Blaming Kekerasan Seksual. " Flourishing Journal 2, no. 3 (2022): 201-207.

Astuti, Sri Wahyuning, Dyah Pradoto, and Gustina Romaria. "Victim Blaming Kasus Pelecehan Seksual: Studi Netnografi Pelecehan Seksualterhadap Via Valen Di Instagram." Promedia (Public Relation Dan Media Komunikasi) 5, no. 1 (2019). https://doi.org/10.52447/promedia.v5i1.1625.

Bhuptani, Prachi H., and Terri L. Messman-Moore. "Blame and Shame in Sexual Assault." Handbook of Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault Prevention, Springer, Cham, (2019): 309-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23645-8_18

Bongiorno, Renata, et al. "Why Women Are Blamed for Being Sexually Harassed: The Effects of Empathy for Female Victims and Male Perpetrators." Psychology of Women Quarterly 44, no. 1 (2020): 11-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684319868730

Coates, L., C. Richardson, and A. Wade. “Reshaping Responses to Victims of Violent Crime.†Presented at Cowichan Bay, B.C., Canada. http://crcvc.ca/docs/victim_blaming.pdf

Daly, Erin, and James R. May. “Exploring Environmental Justice Through the Lens of Human Dignity." Widener L. Rev 25 (2019): 177.

Doan-Minh, Sarah. "Corrective Rape: An Extreme Manifestation of Discrimination and the State's Complicity in Sexual Violence." Hastings Women's LJ 30, (2019): 167.

Eigenberg, H., and Garland R. Victim Blaming in L.J. Moriarty (Ed.), Controversies in Victimology. Newark NJ: Elsevier Press, 2008.

Firdaus, Emilda. “Implementasi Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga di Kota Batam.†Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM 21, no. 1, (Januari 2014): 139-154. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol21.iss1.art8

Gravelin, Claire R., Monica Biernat, and Caroline E. Bucher. "Blaming the Victim of Acquaintance Rape: Individual, Situational, and Sociocultural Factors." Frontiers in Psychology 9, (2019): 2422. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02422

Ihsani, S. N. "Kekerasan Berbasis Gender dalam Victim-Blaming pada Kasus Pelecehan yang Dipublikasi Media Online." Jurnal Wanita Dan Keluarga 2, no. 1 (2021): 12-21. https://doi.org/10.22146/jwk.2239

IJRS, “Menurut Masyarakat: Kekerasan Seksual itu Terjadi Karena Salah Korban!†accessed on 24 October 2021, http://ijrs.or.id/menurut-masyarakat-kekerasan-seksual-itu-terjadi-karena-salah-korban/

Iqbal, Muhammad. “Pengaruh Perilaku Menyalahkan Korban dalam Tindak Pidana Kesusilaan di Indonesia.†JOM Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau 7, no. 2 (2020): 6.

Johnson, Veronica E., et al. “"It’s Not in Your Headâ€: Gaslighting, ‘Splaining, Victim Blaming, and Other Harmful Reactions to Microaggressions." Perspectives on Psychological Science 16, no. 5 (2021): 1024-1036. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916211011963

Komunitas Cerdas. UUD 1945 dan Perubahannya. Jakarta: Cyan Publisher, 2010.

Marpaung, Leden. Kejahatan Terhadap Kesusilaan dan Masalah Prevensinya. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2008.

Marzuki, Suparman. Bahan Kuliah Hukum Pidana dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Jogjakarta, 2012.

Moleong, Lexy J. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2005.

Muhadar, E. A., and H. Thamrin. Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana. Surabaya: CV. Putra Media Nusantara, 2009.

Muladi, Hak Asasi Manusia - Hakekat, Konsep dan Implikasinya dalam Perspektif Hukum dan Masyarakat. Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2009.

Najib, Faatihah D. "Blaming the Victim: Objektifikasi Korban Kekerasan Seksual dalam Pemberitaan di Media Online balairungpress.com." Interaksi Online 8, no. 2 (2020), 53-63.

Oktaviani, Rini, and Suzy S. Azeharie. "Penyingkapan Diri Perempuan Penyintas Kekerasan Seksual." Koneksi 4, no. 1 (2020): 98-105.

Orth, Uli. “Secondary Victimization of Crime Victims by Criminal Proceedings.†Social Justice Research 15, no. 4 (2002): 313-325. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021210323461

Prameswari, N. P. L. M., Wahyu Budi Nugroho, and N. M. A. S. Mahadewi. "Feminisme Eksistensial Simone de Beauvoir: Perjuangan Perempuan di Ranah Domestik." Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi 1, no. 2 (2019): 1-13.

Rahmi, Atikah. "The Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill: Prevention Effort and Access to Justice for Victim", 2nd International Conference on Law and Human Rights 2021 (ICLHR 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021.

Rego, Richard. "Changing Forms and Platforms of Misogyny: Sexual Harassment of Women Journalists on Twitter." Media Watch 9, no. 3 (2018): 472-85. DOI: 10.15655/mw/2018/v9i3/49480

Restikawasti, Aulya E. "Alasan Perempuan Melakukan Victim Blaming pada Korban Pelecehan Seksual." Journal of Civics and Moral Studies 4, no. 1 (2019): 10-20.

Sadli, Saparinah. Hak Asasi Perempuan Adalah Hak Asasi Manusia, dalam Pemahaman Bentuk-Bentuk Tindak Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan dan Alternatif Pemecahannya, KK Convention Watch. Jakarta: Pusat Kajian Wanita dan Gender Universitas Indonesia, 2000.

Savitri, Niken. HAM Perempuan (Kritik Teori Hukum Feminis Terhadap KUHP). Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2008.

Shopiani, Bunga Suci, Wilodati, and Udin Supriadi. “Fenonema Victim Blaming pada Mahasiswa terhadap Korban Pelecehan Seksual.†Sosietas Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi 11, no. 1 (2021): 940-955. https://doi.org/10.17509/sosietas.v11i1.36089

Soekanto, Soerjono, and Sri Mamudji. Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Cet. 8, (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2004).

Soekanto, Soerjono. Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: UI Press, 1986.

Sunggono, Bambang. Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2011.

Tantimin, Tantimin. "Victim Blaming pada Korban Kekerasan Domestik di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Perspektif Viktimologi." Gorontalo Law Review 4, no. 2 (2021): 277-289. https://doi.org/10.52447/promedia.v5i1.1625

Wulandari, Erika P., and Hetty Krisnani. "Kecenderungan Menyalahkan Korban (Victim-Blaming) dalam Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Perempuan sebagai Dampak Kekeliruan Atribusi." Share: Social Work Journal 10, no. 2 (2020): 187-197.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v6i2.23887

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

International Journal of Law Reconstruction Indexed by :

DOAJgoogle_scholarsintacrossrefMendeley onesearch  dimension

International Journal of Law Recnstruction  
Faculty of Law, UnissulaCopyright of International Journal of Law Reconstruction
Jalan Kaligawe Raya KM.4, Terboyo Kulon, Genuk, E-ISSN 2775-8885 (Online)
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, 50112IJLR is licensed under a